Timon lepidus, commonly known as the ocellated lizard or sardão in Portugal, is one of the largest lizard species in Europe and belongs to the Lacertidae family. It is widely distributed across the Iberian Peninsula, southern France and parts of north-western Italy.
This reptile is easily recognised by its robust body, green coloration and distinctive blue spots along its flanks, which are especially visible in adult males.
In Portugal, the species occurs throughout most of the mainland and can be found in a wide variety of environments. It is commonly associated with rocky areas, scrubland, open woodland and agricultural landscapes, where it has access to sunny spaces for basking and sheltered places for refuge.
In the landscapes surrounding Vale do Lourêdo, it can often be observed in areas with rocks, shrubs, walls or burrows, which provide protection from predators and temperature fluctuations.
Timon lepidus is a large and powerful lizard, usually measuring between 30 and 60 cm in total length, although some individuals can reach nearly 90 cm, with about two-thirds of this length corresponding to the tail.
The species typically displays a green or brownish dorsal coloration marked by dark patterns and blue ocelli. Males are usually larger and more brightly coloured than females. Juveniles tend to have lighter patterns and more numerous spots.
As a medium-sized predator, the ocellated lizard plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance. Its diet consists mainly of large insects, spiders and snails, although it may also consume small vertebrates such as other reptiles or small mammals.
Like many reptiles, the species relies on warm surfaces to regulate its body temperature. This behaviour sometimes leads individuals to bask on roads, which unfortunately increases the risk of road mortality.
Protecting natural habitats and maintaining traditional rural landscapes helps ensure the long-term survival of this iconic reptile.