Rana iberica, commonly known as the Iberian frog, is a small amphibian belonging to the Ranidae family. This species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, occurring naturally only in Portugal and Spain.
It is one of the characteristic amphibians of northern Iberian ecosystems, especially in mountainous and humid environments where clean freshwater habitats are present.
The Iberian frog is closely associated with freshwater environments such as mountain streams, rivers, ponds and wetlands, particularly where water remains cool and well oxygenated.
In landscapes such as Vale do Lourêdo, the species can be found near small watercourses, shaded riparian vegetation and humid valley areas that provide suitable conditions for breeding and feeding.
Rana iberica is a small frog, typically reaching around 5 cm in length, although individuals may grow slightly larger.
Its coloration is variable, usually ranging from olive-brown to reddish or greyish tones, sometimes with darker markings. A characteristic dark stripe between the nostril and the eye and a pale line along the upper lip help distinguish the species.
The hind legs are well adapted for jumping and swimming, and the frog quickly dives into the water when disturbed.
The Iberian frog is active both during the day and at night, feeding mainly on insects, spiders and other small invertebrates.
Breeding generally occurs between late autumn and early spring, depending on altitude and climate conditions. During this period, eggs are laid in freshwater habitats where the tadpoles develop before transforming into young frogs.
Because it depends on clean freshwater environments, the species is particularly sensitive to water pollution, habitat degradation and the introduction of exotic predators.
Amphibians such as Rana iberica are important indicators of environmental quality, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Their presence often reflects healthy habitats with good water quality and balanced ecological conditions.
In landscapes like Vale do Lourêdo, amphibians contribute to the natural regulation of insect populations and serve as prey for many birds, reptiles and mammals, forming an essential part of the local food web.